Beach Erosion essays

Beach Erosion essays For many decades the approach to rapid coastal erosion was to build up sea defenses, to try and slow down or even stop the erosion. Initially the attempts were thought a success, however after some years it was realized that the power of the sea and waves could overcome human attempts. Only could protection be a success if huge costs were going to be involved. Many methods around the world have taken place in he last 50 years with many failures occurring. It is very rare to find a coastline that shows a decrease in the rate of erosion over many years after defenses are in place. In fact in some places, these defenses seem to have speeded up the erosion process. Coastal erosion is a natural process of erosion, transportation, and deposition, and interfering with this balance could be to blame for the rise in erosion on the coasts of some areas. Seawalls have been built out to sea in many areas of the coastline. Their aim is to trap material and thus slow down the rate of long-shore drift. However, these seawalls in some areas have been blamed for the rise in erosion rates further down the coast. Gravel extraction occurs in many offshore areas around the world. Gravel is removed in large volumes for commercial purposes each year. More than 20 million tons were dredged in 1989 alone (Dredging Operations). Removal of this gravel was thought to be a good method because no extra quarries had to open. The problem facing the shoreline is removing all this sand which leads to the gradual wearing away of shores and cliffs. This adds to coastal erosion. Whenever large amounts of material, such as sand are removed from the seabed, the directions of currents move more material back into the dredged area. This dredged area will be replenished with material, and this material will be taken from elsewhere along the coastline. This whole process is a continual process that causes ero ...

Franz Kline Biography

Franz Kline Biography Franz Klines life story reads like a movie plot: Young artist starts out with high hopes, spends years struggling without success, eventually finds a style, becomes an overnight sensation and dies too soon. Kline was best known for his role as an action painter of abstract expressionism, a movement that was popular in New York during the 1940s and 1950s and introduced the world to artists including Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Early Life Kline was born on May 23, 1910  Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. As the cartoonist for his high school newspaper, Kline was a good enough student to leave coal-mining country and attend Boston University. With budding artistic ambition, he went   to study at the Art Students League, and then Heatherly Art School in London. In 1938, he returned to the U.S. with his British wife and settled in New York City. Art Career It seemed New York really didnt care much that Kline had talent back in England and was ready to take on the world. He struggled for years as a figurative artist, doing portraits for two loyal patrons that won him a modest reputation. He also painted city scenes and landscapes, and occasionally resorted to painting barroom murals to pay the rent money. In the mid 1940s, he met de Kooning and Pollock, and began to explore his own growing interest in trying new styles of painting. Kline had been noodling around with black and white for years, creating small brush drawings and projecting them onto the wall of his studio. Now he got rather serious about creating the projected images using just his arm, brush and mental imagery. The pictures that began to emerge were given a solo exhibition in New York in 1950. As a result of the show, Franz became an established name in the art world and his large, black and white compositions- likened to grids, or Oriental calligraphy- achieved notoriety. With his reputation as a leading abstract expressionist secured, Kline concentrated on turning out his new passion. His new work had short, seemingly meaningless names, such as Painting (sometimes followed by a number), New York, Rust or the old stand-by Untitled. He spent his last years trying to introduce color back into the mix, but was cut down in his prime by heart failure. Kline died on May 13, 1962 in New York City. He couldnt explain what his paintings meant, but Kline left the art world with the understanding that explanation of his art was not its intended purpose. His paintings were supposed to make one feel, not comprehend. Important Works Chief, 1950Painting, 1952Painting Number 2, 1954White Forms, 1955Untitled, 1955Lehigh V Span, 1960Le Gros, 1961 Famous Quote The final test of a painting, theirs, mine, any other, is: does the painters emotion come across?

Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Domestic Violence - Essay Example Ironically, one in six women who experience abuse report that they were abused when they were pregnant. Pregnancy is believed to be â€Å"a common trigger of domestic violence† (BabyCenter, 2012). According to Gazmararian et al (2000), violence from an abusive partner during pregnancy is more common than pregnancy-induced hypertension, placenta previa, and gestational diabetes. The number of pregnant women subject to violence in the United States ranges from 156, 000 to 332, 000 annually (Gazmararian et al, 2000). Up to one fifth of deaths related to pregnancy have been found to result from murder (Horon & Cheng, 2001). Violence during pregnancy is a form of Intimate Partner Violence or IBV. The latter has been defined as either physical or sexual violence or violence threat, as well as emotional abuse (psychological abuse) or coercive behaviour when the physical or sexual behaviour between partners has already taken place (Bloom, Bullock, Sharps, Laughon, and Parker, 2010). I t has been observed that intimate partner violence consists of coercive and assaulting behaviours demonstrated by that partner who wants to control the other. In particular, these behaviours include inflicting physical injuries, abusing the partner emotionally and sexually, intimidation, isolation, stalking, deprivation, and threats (Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2004 in Bloom, Bullock, Sharps, Laughon, and Parker, 2010). Health consequences of violence during pregnancy affect both mothers and children (foetuses). One of the most dramatic outcomes is miscarriage. Miscarriages take away lives of mothers together with foetuses or just foetuses. Statistically, direct assaults increase the probability of lethal... This paper stresses that physical reactions in children that stem from constant stress include headaches, rashes, asthma, constipation, developmental delays, ulcers, problems of hearing and speech, and pain in the abdomen. Babies have been found to have attachment problems, while preschoolers are especially subject to worry, sleeping problems, and nightmares. Adolescents who grew up in abusive environments demonstrate increased violence. Their behavior gets aggressive and disruptive; girls become withdrawn, anxious, passive, and clinging. Children may also have impaired concentration and often demonstrate poorer academic skills. According to recent research, those children who grew in abusive homes are more likely to become alcoholics, drug abusers, and smokers. Besides, they are more prone to such diseases as skeletal fractures, ischemic heart disease, and cancer in adulthood. In terms of mental health, such children are likely to grow into adults subject to depression, with low-est eem, and anxiety disorders. This report mmakes a conclusion that nurses need to get actively involved into solving problems related to domestic violence both through prevention, treatment, and psychological support of victims. It is important to develop an adequate knowledge base of various aspects of domestic violence. Importantly, nurses should be able to proficiently identify and assess victims’ physical and mental conditions, and intervene through support, information sharing, and treatment.

Decision Making Self-Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision Making Self-Analysis - Assignment Example These two are the most basic models of decision making that inspire the whole process (Elham, 2010). The rational model involves four stages that ought to be followed when making decisions. These steps comprise of identifying the problem, developing solutions, choosing a solution and executing as well as assessing the solution. These four stages represent the whole decision making process and provide for the necessary dynamics that guarantee the effectiveness of the process. Each stage in the rational model is of immense significance to the holistic process and should therefore be approached with care in order to achieve effective results. This model has some shortcomings including the absence of sufficient information that hinders decision making and the reality that a problem could transform within a short period of time (Schoorman & Acker-Hocevar, 2010). The normative model indicates that decision making has a number of components that characterize its application. Among these fea tures include restricted information processing, judgmental heuristics along with satisficing. Limited information processing underscores that fact that at any given time only a restricted degree of data can be used or processed for decision making. Judgmental heuristics, on the other hand, involves that consideration for purposes of decision making shortcuts are applied to make the process simpler. Satisficing on the other hand implies the selection of solutions that are more convenient and satisfy minimum requirements (Elham, 2010). Each model has strengths and weaknesses, which point towards their effectiveness and applicability in the vast process of decision making. The rational model is more practical and is effective in dealing with problems that require a substantive decision for the long term. However, this model does not take into account some of the realities of decision making like the absence of adequate information along with the changing nature of problems. The normat ive model is convenient when dealing with challenging situation that need creativity and distinctiveness in order to develop the solution but could be disastrous when applied on practical and rational situations. How to Self-Assess Decision-Making Styles Self-assessment is a crucial parameter in the field of decision making because it provides for room through which the decision maker can evaluate their decision. There are various styles of decision making that apply to different situations and serve a different purpose. Each style of decision making has a unique approach to decision making in the sense that each has a distinct set of parameters that govern the process of making a decision. Therefore, in considering the various methods of self-assessment each style of decision making must be considered in order to optimize the results. Since each style has different methods of approach, it is obvious that the methods of self-evaluation change with each respective style (Schoorman & Acker-Hocevar, 2010). As a result, it is actually impossible to self evaluate a decision or the process of making a decision without being aware of the style applied in the process. Therefore, for the decision maker to evaluate his decision or the process applied the key consideration is the relevant decision making style. Once the style has been factored it becomes convenient for

Eusebius Pamphili Essay Example for Free

Eusebius Pamphili Essay Eusebius Pamphili, also called Eusebius of Caesarea, is one of the key figures ever documented in the field of church history writing/narration. He took into account essential happenings about a specific event and made accounts for people of great importance in the christian realm. Eusebius was exposed to events and he himself was an eyewitness of some martyrdom in several occasions like what happened in the persecution of Christianity in the time of the many Roman emperors. He was famous for his two historical works: â€Å"Chronicle† and â€Å"Church History†. He also wrote several books which served as references by many people like the â€Å"Apology for Origen†, â€Å"Praeparatio de Evangelica† (Preparation for the Gospel), â€Å"Demostratio Evangelica† (Proof of the Gospel), and other scholarly works that possesses historical values in itself. He appended supplements on the work, â€Å"On the Theology of the Church† to preserve the Nicene doctrine of the Logos against Athanasius principles. But perhaps another historical mark for Eusebius was his detailed accounts in the lives of the martyrs of the Palestine, Origen, and others. He also claimed that he witnessed persecutions in Egypt and Tyre. Furthermore, his prominent works in heresy hunting was also successful, an attribute only a few individual have during his time. His works, being focused in several Christian doctrines and teachings, is what makes it valuable for Christians today. This does not necessarily mean all his teachings were of absolute truth, but the fact that his works can be studied either to resolve or abhor the philosophy which depends on the bias and principle of the reader. Claiming that he had opportunities to witness such brutality made to the early Christians, it is therefore valuable to read his accounts for the readers to assess his claims as well as to consider his claims or despise the same. 1 The focal point of his work is to narrate in a very explicit way possible what transpired during that specific event based on Eusebius accounts and other writings. Taking into account what happened during the persecution experienced by Christians during that period by the authorities is also one of the main points of his writing. The so-called â€Å"Martyrs of Christ† were also mentioned in the book including the method of execution applied unto them. Having burned live, fed into wild beasts, and other mutilation process were clearly stated in the book. Moreover, he made a careful manifestation on the essential parts of the book by giving commentaries which had disputable issues involved. He also expressed contrasts in the claims of Eusebius by including accounts from other manuscripts as well, and stating its case in contrary to Eusebius claims. One clear example would be on the issue of the questionable escape by Eusebius from the persecution while the rest of his company suffered. Eusebius claimed that he escaped through the help of his friends from the authority. However, he was accused by others that he denied the faith, the main reason why he escaped from the prison. Another excerpt from the book would be the concern on his teachings regarding the basic Christian doctrine as again being challenged by other Christians. The contents of the book tackle on numerous historical accounts which are very important in studying the church history. Eusebius accounts, as well as others’ writings must be acknowledged by those who ventures into the history of the early Christians. Describing explicitly the tortures experienced by early Christians, the author carried out the gravity of the said affliction. These reasons, the author believed were some of the factors why the book had to be furnished. Critical commentaries were in scripted by the writer of the book. He clearly included both sides of the issues whenever there are conflicting sides arguing for a specific event stated. Credibility of the author depends on where he got the details included in his writing, as well as on how he presented those data he gathered. Since these issues were clearly evident in the writing of this manuscript, one can say that the author’s credibility should not be in question. There are other writers who did a great job expounding the history of the church. They also claimed reliable sources as to where they acquired the details of their writings. They presented their commentaries with objectivity, making them a likely author. These descriptions cited were also integrated in the works of the author mentioned in this entire assessment. Readers of this generation would be having a clear insight on the topics included in the manuscript made by the author. They can either approve or detest some of the details written but this writing would surely provide them a good reference in studying church history. They can also witness the author’s independent view on certain issues in the history of the church. Aside from all of these, this book should also be treated as a supplement on the topic of persecutions of the early Christians and the other details in a particular regime of past Roman emperors. The substance of a manuscript depends on several factors which includes its intrinsic importance and on how appropriate the book is in its field. This work made a great contribution in narrating events which focused on the writings of Eusebius. Stating all the ideas and principles incorporated in this writing, there is no way that this manuscript be given less importance, particularly in the grounds of studying the history of Christianity. From narrating the life of Eusebius, his circumstances, his accounts on the persecution of Christians and other relevant accounts made this book commendable.

Homosocial Desire in the Films of Kevin Smith :: Essays Papers

Homosocial Desire in the Films of Kevin Smith In present society, any man who loves another man is labeled a homosexual. If a man is not a homosexual, then he is not allowed to display any form of affection for another male. If a man does go beyond the boundaries of showing affection for another man, that man runs the risk of being labeled a homosexual. However, there are those who see the error of this and want to change this societal viewpoint. Two examples of individuals who have strikingly similar views on this issue believe that there can be a balance between homosexuality and heterosexual male bonding. In relation to this balance, the term â€Å"homosocial† describes bonds between persons of the same sex. Even though these two individuals come from completely different ends of the spectrum, they both agree that â€Å"homosocial desire† allows desire between two men to exist in a form that incorporates love between men without sexual attraction. Writer Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and film director Kev in Smith both display through different types of media that homosocial activity can evolve from male bonding to exist in the same range as homosexuality. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick writes about the term homosocial desire in her book Between Men. The word homosocial is used in science to describe social relationships between persons of the same sex. While it shares the same prefix â€Å"homo† with the word homosexual, homosocial has different connotations in present American society. Kevin Smith uses film to express his ideas about homosexuality and homosocial actions. Smith’s first film, Clerks, was shot in black and white and lacked talented actors and good cinematography. However, Smith’s smartly written script and flare for humorous storytelling soon turned this low budget, independent film into a cult classic. The movie revolves around the lives of two best friends, Dante (played by Brian O’Halloran) and Randal (depicted by Jeff Anderson). Dante works in a convenience store while Randal works across the street as a video rental store clerk. Their friendship is filled with stereotypical male bonding practices such as playing hockey together and reading issues of Playboy behind the store counter. However, while the two exhibit many jocular actions, their relationship is a good example of the notion of homosocial desire.

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. is a turning point in the play for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. Is a turning point in the play for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. How should the actors playing these characters behave to show the audience what they are feeling? In the First Act we learn that Macbeth is thought of as a very noble, loyal, brave man. â€Å"For brave Macbeth †¦ O valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen!† Macbeth was victorious in a battle on behalf of the kingdom and gets lots of praise from the king, and the other soldiers, and unknown to him is soon be given the title, ‘Thane Of Cawdor’. Banquo and Macbeth are travelling home and they came across 3 witches. These witches prophisize that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and that soon after he will become king. â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! †¦All hail Macbeth! Thalt shalt be King hereafter.† Macbeth doesn’t pay to much attention to them and continues on with his journey, when he returns home, he finds out that the King is coming to stay with him and Lady Macbeth in their castle. Macbeth then finds out of the title and tells Lady Macbeth of the three witches prophesies, and then Lady Macbeth starts to hatch a plan. Macbeth was so horrified of the idea of killing Duncan because in those days, people believed in something, which was called the divine right of kings. Which meant that they believed the king to have been chosen by god. So an attack on King Duncan would have been considered sacrilege. In Act one, Macbeth comes across as brave and loyal, but if he goes through with the murder, he will be forever looking over his shoulder, he will have to watch what he says and does, because he could be found out. This would change his character entirely. Macbeth has to realise that there can be no going back once the murder has been committed. James 1 would have understood and believed in the divine right of kings, so when the play was being written, including it would have been more interesting as the play was originally wrote for James 1, who was king at the time. Scene 2 has to be the most violent part of the play although we don’t actually see the murder in the written play, it is only included in the film version, which we recently watched, directed by Roman Polantski. It is interesting that Macbeth kills King Duncan offstage, the scene could be written this way because Shakespeare wanted us to concentrate on Macbeth’s reaction to the murder, rather than the murder itself. It’s a crucial part in the play as it the first of many murders. The murder takes place on the night of the King’s stay. Everything that happens in the play now is revolved around this scene. This scene is important because it not only features the murder scene. It is also the start of the falling apart of the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. There is a lot of tension when we see Lady Macbeth pacing about nervously, waiting for Macbeth to come back. We also see Lady Macbeth’s softer side too when she says â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t† meaning if the King had not looked like her father she would have gone through with the murder herself. I imagine her to be looking quite sad at this point, yet nervous, for fear of still being caught. It reminds us that lady Macbeth still has some humanity because it might help the audience to understand why she does what she does at the end of the play. Lady Macbeth hears an owl screech while she is waiting for Macbeth and jumps, as she is clearly quite nervous even though earlier on in the play she says â€Å"That, which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold.† This is obviously not the case. Lady Macbeth may say this half-jokingly and holding the cup up near to her face, which she drinks it. When Macbeth comes to meet his wife they are both nervous, yet they seem excited to, as they don’t speak in full sentences, it’s a short, sharp exchange of words. â€Å"When† , â€Å"Now† , â€Å"as, I descended† , â€Å"Aye†. His shows the audience that they are worried, nervous etc. They will at this maybe looking around them to see if there is anyone coming, or looking at each other trying to see what the other is thinking. Macbeth also still has hold of the daggers, which makes the tension in the scene increase. Macbeth can’t seem to believe he has committed such a crime as he says, â€Å"This is a sorry sight†. He is also referring to his hands, which are covered in blood, Macbeth must have been putting his head in his hands at this point for him not to notice, therefore holding them up in fr ont of his face. He can’t seem to forget about the murder after this point. He seems obsessed with what he has done and almost in a hypnotising state of mind. Lady Macbeth, although in a way mocks him, she stays calm and says to him â€Å"Go get some water and wash this filthy witness from your hands.† Lady Macbeth is probably pushing him to the fountain and is keeping an eye on him, as so, they won’t get caught. Macbeth knows that he might be able to get rid of the stain from his hands but not from his conscience. He says â€Å"Not all Neptune’s ocean can wash me clean†. Lady Macbeth makes fun of Macbeth for dwelling on the murder and has a go at him for being a coward. Macbeth and his wife seem to lose a connection with each other and Shakespeare has made it obvious that Macbeth is the weaker of the two characters and his and Lady Macbeth’s relationship isn’t going very well. He shows this by having Macbeth ramble on, and say long speeches. But Lady Macbeth stays in control, she acts almost evil and without a conscience. The play seems to build up more tension by Macbeth saying that he thought he had heard a voice saying â€Å"Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more.† This could be Macbeth’s imagination, or him hearing another of the witches prophesies. The knocking on the door startles Macbeth, as he knows now, this could tell whether his crime is about to be found out or not. Lady Macbeth again keeps her head amongst all of this, although nervous they will be discovered. Lady Macbeth quickly returns the bloodstained daggers to Duncan’s grooms, and goes one further and says, â€Å"If he do bleed, I’ll guild the grooms with Duncan’s blood, for it must seem their guilt.† Shakespeare has her do this to make the audience aware of how much more confident than Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is. Whereas Macbeth is still in shock of the crime he had committed. Shakespeare conveys that Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship is slowly deteriorating, as Macbeth seems to be acting crazily and Lady Macbeth seems evil and calculating and in control of the situation. The knocking still carrying on, lady Macbeth appears annoyed and urges her husband, to his chamber, where they can hide and come across as innocent to the murder if it is discovered. Shakespeare has once again let Lady Macbeth take control. Shakespeare has cleverly used language and structure of sentences manages to create a lot of tension and excitement in this scene. He uses the right language in the right places to make the characters and the play really believable. Towards the end of the play Macbeth becomes overwhelmed by guilt and fear, he murders anyone he suspects might know. Eventually the heir to crown kills Macbeth, after Lady Macbeth has taken her own life as she is overcome by the guilt. King James and the rest of the Shakespearean audience would have wanted the murders and lies and drama, this is probably what they would have expected. Sacrilege was believed to have been punished by God. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth were the murderers so this would have added excitement; the witches added some eerieness and supernatural theme to the play. These are good choices for the play at that particular time, and it still makes it good today.